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The 1990–91 South Pacific cyclone season was one of the least active cyclone seasons, with only three tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific basin which is to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 1990, to April 30, 1991 with the first disturbance of the season forming on November 23 and the last disturbance dissipating on May 19. This is the period of the year when most tropical cyclones form within the South Pacific Ocean. During the season there was no deaths recorded from any of the tropical cyclones while they were within the basin. However six people were killed by Cyclone Joy, when it made landfall on Australia. As a result of the impacts caused by Joy and Sina, the names were retired from the tropical cyclone naming lists. During the season, tropical cyclones were monitored by the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers (TCWC) in Nadi, Fiji, and in Wellington, New Zealand.〔TCWC Nadi warned on systems in the South Pacific located from the Equator to 25°S and from 160°E to 120°W. TCWC Wellington warns on systems from 25°S to 40°S and from 160°E to 120°W〕 Whilst tropical cyclones that moved to the west of 160°E were monitored as a part of the Australian region. Both the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the Naval Western Oceanography Center (NWOC) issued unofficial warnings within the southern Pacific. The JTWC issued warnings between 160°E and the International Date Line whilst the NWOC issued warnings for tropical cyclones forming between the International Date Line and the coasts of the Americas. Both the JTWC and the NWOC designated tropical cyclones with a number and a P suffix with numbers assigned in order to tropical cyclones developing within the whole of the Southern Hemisphere. TCWC Nadi, TCWC Wellington and TCWC Brisbane all use the Australian Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale and estimate wind speeds over a ten-minute period, while the JTWC estimates sustained winds over a one-minute period, which are subsequently compared to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS). ==Seasonal summary== ImageSize = width:800 height:200 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/11/1990 till:01/06/1991 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/11/1990 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:td value:rgb(0.5,0.8,1) legend:Tropical_Disturbance/Tropical_Depression_(TD) id:c1 value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Category_1_=_63–87_km/h_(39–54_mph)_(1) id:c2 value:rgb(0.80,1,1) legend:Category_2_=_88–142_km/h_(55–74_mph)_(2) id:c3 value:rgb(1,1,0.80) legend:Category_3_=_143–158-km/h_(75–98_mph)_(3) id:c4 value:rgb(1,0.56,0.13) legend:Category_4_=_159–204_km/h_(99–127_mph)_(4) id:c5 value:rgb(1,0.38,0.38) legend:Category_5_=_≥205_km/h_(≥128_mph)_(5) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:Month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:20/11/1990 till:03/12/1990 color:C3 text:"Sina_(3)" from:14/12/1990 till:17/12/1990 color:C1 text:"Unnamed_(1)" from:17/12/1990 till:17/12/1990 color:TD text:"Joy_(TD)" from:18/03/1991 till:21/03/1991 color:TD text:"16P_(TD)" from:11/05/1991 till:19/05/1991 color:C2 text:"Lisa_(2)" bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/11/1990 till:01/12/1990 text:November from:01/12/1990 till:01/01/1991 text:December from:01/01/1991 till:01/02/1991 text:January from:01/02/1991 till:01/03/1991 text:February from:01/03/1991 till:01/04/1991 text:March from:01/04/1991 till:01/05/1991 text:April from:01/05/1991 till:01/06/1991 text:May TextData = pos:(569,23) text:"(For further details, please see" pos:(713,23) text:"scales)" As a result of the South Pacific Convergence Zone being both weaker and located further to the north than in previous seasons and the Madden–Julian oscillations being weaker and less regular defined than in previous tropical cyclone seasons. As a result, only three tropical cyclones occurred within the South Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W, which made the season one of the least active on record.〔 The first tropical cyclone was first noted as a shallow depression on November 20 before it was named Sina on November 24 after it had intensified into a tropical cyclone. After peaking as a category three severe tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale, Sina affected Fiji, Tonga, Niue and the Southern Cook Islands with total damage estimated at over before it was last noted on December 4, as it was absorbed by an advancing trough of low pressure near 50°S.〔 During December 15, the precursor tropical low to Cyclone Joy developed near the Solomon Islands. Over the next two days the system moved westwards, before it moved into the Australian region during December 17.〔 The system was subsequently named Joy on December 19, before it made landfall on Queensland during December 26.〔 The basin then remained quiet until March when three significant tropical depressions including 15 and 16P were observed within the Coral Sea/Australian region, which did not develop into tropical cyclones but were subject to gale warnings. 15P was first noted on March 3, while it was located about to the east of the Solomon Islands and over the next couple of days subsequently moved south-westwards and out of the South Pacific basin during the next day. 16P was first noted on March 14, while located about to the southeast of Honiara in the Solomon Islands.〔The figures for maximum sustained winds and position estimates are rounded to the nearest 5 units (miles, or kilometers), following the convention used in the Fiji Meteorological Service's (operational products ) for each storm. All other units are rounded to the nearest digit.〕 Over the next couple of days the system moved towards the south-east before the JTWC designated the system 16P and initiated advisories on it during March 18 after it had moved into the South Pacific basin. Over the next couple of days the system, moved towards the south-southeast before it turned towards the southwest and passed over New Caledonia on March 20, before it was last noted during the next day moving out of the basin.〔 The final tropical cyclone of the season, Lisa, moved into the Southern Pacific on May 11 at its peak intensity of 110 km/h (75 mph).〔 During the next day as the storm moved towards the subtropical jet, Lisa rapidly weakened into a tropical depression before passing over Anatom Island without causing any significant damage.〔 After the season both the names Sina and Joy were retired from the naming lists for the region, while it was determined that a weak gale force tropical cyclone had affected Tonga between December 14–17.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1990–91 South Pacific cyclone season」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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